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- Eighth ARRL Amateur Radio Computer Networking Conference
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- A multichannel IBMPC packet interface
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- by: Henk Peek, PA0HZP
- PB 329, 1440 AH Purmerend, The Netherlands
- AX25 smtp: henk@PA0HZP uucp: henkp@nikhef.nl
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- Abstract
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- This paper describes a universal medium speed packet
- interface for the Isa (IBMPC) bus. The system consists of one
- or more 4 channel Isa bus boards and external modems. Multiple
- boards can be interconnected to form one single interface with a
- single interrupt vector and daisy chain interrupt priority
- logic.
- General software can be used. There are no special
- initialization actions required.
- The connections between the Isa bus boards and the external
- modems are opto isolated.
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- Introduction
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- Many packet stations take an interest in the use of more
- speeds and frequencies. However addition of an extra TNC for
- each mode and frequency used simultaneously is necessary. Over
- four TNCs the async ports of the IBMPC will be not standardize
- and costly.
- There is an other solution: direct HDLC ax25 interfaces. But,
- it is difficult to find cheap HDLC boards with more then two
- HDLC channels. Otherwise the number of available Isa slots
- define in large stations the channel limit.
- A few years ago PE1CHL has designed his own multichannel Atari
- AX25 packet interface (ref 1). The design described below is
- based on the experience with the PE1CHL interface.
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- The OptoPcScc interface
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- The OptoPcScc is a short size Isa interface board equipped
- with 2 * 8530 SCC, offering four channels on a board. Small
- stations operate with one board and larger stations with
- multiple boards. Those multiple boards can be coupled to a
- single multichannel interface with one common interrupt and
- interrupt vector fetch mechanism. The 8530 chip handles
- asynchronous and synchronous formats. Each channel has its own
- external clock divider for full duplex synchronous operation.
- An OptoPcScc board is interfaced to the IO port space of the Isa
- bus, mapping both SCCs to 8 ports. The base IO port of the
- first SCC control port is 0x150. The address of the adjunct
- data port is the next IO port. Each following SCC channel
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- control port is adjacent to the data port of the SCC channel.
- For the second OptoPcScc board a jumper adds 8 to the board base
- IO port. In the few situations that more than 8 SCC channels
- are required, the flexibility of the ISA bus decoder PAL can be
- used to address the adjunct ranges of IO ports.
- One large multichannel SCC interface can be constructed from
- multiple OptoPcScc boards by daisy chaining the INC to the OUTC
- connectors with short 5 wires cables. The first board in the
- chain has a free INC connector and is automatically the master
- of the chain. All other boards are slaves and the last one has a
- free OUTC connector. The master OptoPcScc board generates the
- Isa bus interrupt for all the boards.
- Each OptoPcScc board has a latch for the generation of the
- intack signal. All the intack latches are set by writing to port
- 0x168. The intack signal indicates an active interrupt
- acknowledge cycle. During this cycle, the interrupt vector
- select chain settles. A read command to port 168 places the SCC
- interrupt vector on the Isa bus and resets afterwards the intack
- latches. The interrupt vector read cycle selects only one
- single board databuffer by monitoring the board IEI1 (Interrupt
- Enable In) for HIGH and the board IEO2 (Interrupt Enable Out)
- for LOW. A single 8530 SCC on a board can be used by
- interconnecting IEO pin 6 and IEI pin 7 of the absent 8530.
- When your software doesn't support the intack latch interrupt
- fetch mechanism, it can apply the general but slower method of
- polling each 8530 chip for interrupt.
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- Opto isolated modem interface
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- Most multiple transmitter packet stations have groundloop
- problems. In practice this results in whipping the TNC settings
- when you are working on the HF bands, or PC noise radiated by
- the modem cables. Opto isolators, introduced in an 8 channel
- backbone switch for the Dutch packet network, are applied at the
- OptoPcScc board to minimize these effects. The PC847 opto
- couplers are cheap and support maximum 20K baudrate. Higher
- speeds can be supported by using surface mount opto couplers on
- a small surface mount DIL board. The high speed Rx and Tx opto
- couplers are to expensive for general use.
- An Isa interface board has a limited space for back side
- connectors. This is one of the reasons to reduce the number of
- modem signals, to a minimum: Rx, Tx, DCD and RTS. Some modems
- require a synchronous Tx clock. Only phase and the frequency are
- not standardized. For halfduplex operation you can generate the
- modem transmit clock from a small interface. The SCC receiver
- phaselock is used to synchronize the SCC transmitter clock to
- the interface clock. To play this trick, the SCC channel must
- be placed in the external loopback mode and an HDLC synchronize
- flag signal, generated from the interface clock, must be applied
- to the SCC Rx input. The same interface can be used to convert
- the current loop signals to RS232 or TTL signals.
- A common 37 pin Male D connector is used for the modem
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- connections of the OptoPcScc board. The modems have a 9 pin
- female D connector. The connection between the OptoPcScc and
- the modems can be made of a single flatcable which is spliced at
- the modem side in four cables. In most situations it is much
- safer to use shielded cables to minimize noise radiation and RF
- pickup. The shield of the modem cables must be only on one side
- connected to one of the ground pins of the 9 pin modem cable D
- connector, the other side must not be connected to the 37 pin D
- connector and isolated from each other.
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- External V202 modem with opto interface
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- This TCM3105JL modem design is included in this paper to
- show that is simple, to realize a currentloop modem interface.
- You must have currentloop V202 modems for the most frequencies
- which you are using the OptoPcScc board. The number of
- necessary components is low making it is easier to realize a new
- modem instead of interface an existing one.
- The modem is made on an 4 * 7cm single sided printed circuit
- board. On one short side the 9 pin female D connector for
- currentloop data is mounted and on the other side an 5 pin audio
- DIN for the transceiver connection. The transceiver cable also
- connects the +12V power supply. The modem uses internally +5V
- supply. The +12V supply only has to meet the specifications of
- the 78L05 regulator. The low power consumption of the modem can
- be supplied by nearly any transceiver or portofoon.
- In the preferred mode of operation (J1 closed), this modem
- generates only audio with RTS active. In this mode more modems
- can be operated in parallel by wiring the modem transceiver
- sides parallel. An transmit audio switch is not necessary. The
- modem can also generate continuous audio output with J1 open.
- A 30 second watchdog timer is incorporated. The PTT switch is a
- BS170 mosfet protected by a 47V zener diode. The on resistance
- is low enough to key nearly any transceiver.
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- Practical experience
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- This project is build on Printed Circuit Boards. At the
- time of writing (20 August 1989) a few boards are running.
- Series of double sided plated-through printed circuit boards
- with gold plated edge connector fingers will be made. Contact
- the author for availability.
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- Acknowledgments
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- Thanks to Rob Janssen PE1CHL for the long discussions which
- started this design and for the SCC packet driver.
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- References
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- 1) Schematics of the PE1CHL Atari modem design. Unpublished,
- direct from PE1CHL.
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